Causes

Bronchitis can be caused by:

Acute Bronchitis causes:

Viral infections (common cold, influenza, COVID-19)
Bacterial infections (less common)
Exposure to smoke
Air pollution
Dust and chemical fumes

Chronic Bronchitis causes:

Long-term cigarette smoking
Secondhand smoke exposure
Industrial air pollution
Chemical irritants
Long-term airway irritation

Risk factors include:

Smoking
Older age
Weak immune system
Asthma or COPD
Frequent exposure to pollutants

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Bronchitis include:

Persistent cough
Cough with mucus (phlegm)
Chest discomfort
Shortness of breath
Wheezing sound while breathing
Fatigue and weakness
Mild fever
Chills
Sore throat
Runny nose
Body aches

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis may include:

Long-term cough lasting months
Frequent mucus production
Difficulty breathing during activities
Repeated respiratory infections
Reduced exercise ability

Prevention

Bronchitis can be prevented by:

Avoiding cigarette smoking
Staying away from secondhand smoke
Wearing protective masks in polluted environments
Washing hands regularly
Getting recommended vaccinations
Avoiding close contact with people who have respiratory infections
Maintaining good indoor air quality
Treating allergies and asthma properly

Early treatment of respiratory infections can reduce the risk of bronchitis and related lung complications.